Vegetable Garedening and Its Types

Vegetable Garedening and Its Types

1. Vegetable Garedening

 
1.1. Breeding field
The self-sufficiency of vegetable seeds, which was a national task after liberation, took place around 1955, and first of all, radish and cabbage seeds became fully self-sufficient in quantity.
From the late 1950s, breeding using self-incompatibility and male infertility began at the horticultural testing center, and the breeding of {{%7}} varieties began in earnest in the early 1960s.
The parental lines of the {{%7}} variety grown in this way were distributed to private seedling companies to produce and distribute F1 seeds. After that, this became the beginning, and each seedling company grew {{%7}} varieties. As a result, the varieties were differentiated so that major vegetable crops could be produced at any time of the year in just 20 years.
Seed exports began in earnest from the 1970s, and in 1985, 348,6685 liters of seeds, including radish, were exported, resulting in an income of $3.24 million. On the other hand, 183,395 liters of seeds amounting to about 1.44 million dollars were imported.
1.2. Cultivation technology
① Nursery: Vegetable seedlings are classified into open field seedlings, warm seedlings (refrigerated seedlings), and heated seedlings. Until the 1960s, most of them were seedlings in the open field or a heated bed using heat.
However, in recent years, with the development of gardening facilities, only some of them use a positive heating bed, and most of them are heated seedlings using an electric heating bed or a hot water boiler.
The development of materials used for seedlings also followed. In the early 1900s, the seedling method using pots used straw flour and paper flour, but plastic pots for seedlings began to be produced in Korea in the mid-1950s. Generalized.
In recent years, after seedling, forming pots in consideration of mechanization during planting have reached the stage of development and use, so there is little planting during planting, and planting efforts have been greatly reduced there is a grafting seedling of vegetables as a seedling by a special method.
This method was attempted to prevent watermelon from contagious diseases, but it was only in 1950 that it was put into practice on farms. Through this process, in recent years, grafting cultivation in fruit and vegetables such as cucumber, melon, tomato, pepper, etc. is becoming more common, and large stocks have characteristics such as disease resistance, heat resistance, moisture resistance, and low-temperature elongation.
Research on nutrient seedlings using nutrient solutions began in the 1970s. In the early days, hunting such as rice hull and charcoal were widely used, but recently, nutrient seedlings using Rockwool pots have been attempted. However, these nutrient seedlings are mainly used by nutrient cultivation farms.
② Fertilization: Chemical fertilizers were first produced in Korea in 1910. Before that time, human manure, chicken manure, manure, rice straw, ondoljae, wild grass, rice bran, sesame, and so on were used. During the national anti-Japanese period, nitrogen-oriented fertilization was conducted, and the proportion of Kali was relatively low.
It can be seen from 1963 that the balanced fertilization of the three-element fertilizer began. Soil testing of farmhouse fields was conducted from 1958, and the application of lime was recommended from the early 1960s. While the application of ammonium sulfate decreased, the application of urea increased, and the use of complex fertilizers began to increase markedly.
In the early 1970s, liquid fertilizers for foliar fertilization began to be marketed, and from the early 1980s, liquid fertilizers that can be fertilized simultaneously with irrigation began to be used to increase fertilization efficiency in the facility horticulture.
③ Irrigation: Until the early 1950s, I could hardly think of irrigation for vegetables, and only irrigation was carried out in an alarming method or a place with sufficient irrigation water. However, as intensive management was carried out in facility cultivation from the mid-1960s, irrigation using plastic hoses began to take place, and sprinklers began to be introduced in 1968.
From the beginning of 1970, drip irrigation by tube was used in some farms, and from 1978, soil moisture management began in earnest with fin-type drip irrigation and irrigation using nozzles.

From the late 1970s, the importance of irrigation was recognized in improving the productivity of horticultural crops, and from 1979, government subsidies began to develop groundwater for vegetable cultivation. In particular, research on irrigation has been expanding since 1980, and automation of irrigation has been started in some farms in facility cultivation.
④ Weeding and pest control: Heavy economy weeding using hoe has been used in vegetable packaging, but from the 1970s, attempts were made to use herbicides for various vegetables due to a lack of labor.
However, it has been widely used mainly in waterworks and fruit trees and has not been generalized in vegetable gardens, but inevitably it will be generalized to solve the labor shortage in the future.
While chemical weed control is not widely used, since the 1960s, as the black plastic film was used as a material, not only the control effect of weeds but also ancillary effects such as increasing soil temperature and securing soil moisture were recognized and became common in the cultivation of field crops...
Also, various pesticides including seed disinfectants have begun to be used for the control of pests and diseases. However, the control of pests and pests has become easier, but as the natural enemy disappears due to the use of toxic pesticides, biological control techniques are being studied as a countermeasure.
On the other hand, various pesticides with low residual toxicity have been developed and marketed, and in-facility cultivation, studies on soil disinfection using solar heat have been conducted to prevent soil infectious diseases. However, it should not be overlooked that the use of pesticides in controlling pests and pests contributed to the increase in crop yield.
⑤ Facility cultivation: Facility cultivation in our country began with warm cultivation in Daejeon and Songjeong-ri in the 1920s, and the plastic film was produced in 1954, and as the scale of vinyl tunnels and vinyl became larger and fixed, the cultivation crops became diverse. Cultivation began.In the 1970s, heating and irrigation facilities began to become common, moving away from the focus of thermal insulation by natural light. In the early 1980s, various insulating materials began to be put into practical use in farms, and the coating method was also being improved a lot.
In addition, an underground heat storage house and a heat storage bag have been researched and put into practical use in the horticultural testing site to actively use solar heat in the facility. In consideration of weather conditions such as temperature, insolation, snowfall, wind, etc., the right place for facility horticulture was selected, and data that could estimate the heating heat demand by region and crop were released, providing an opportunity to develop facility horticulture.

In recent years, equipment and mechanization have been conducted to make work in the facility alive, and research to automate the cultivation environment in the facility is being conducted, and the interest in this is also increasing in farmers.
On the other hand, since research on nutrient solution cultivation began in 1954, it has not attracted the attention of farmers, but since the early 1980s, interest in nutrient solution cultivation has been concentrated, and cultivation farmers are increasing. That is, as awareness of cleanliness increases, new nutrient solutions such as cultivation of membrane nutrient solution and rock wool cultivation are starting.