The etymology of horticulture originated from the Latin words'Hortus' (garden, enclose: surrounded) and culture' (culture: cultivation, cultivation), and was first expressed as horticulture' in 1678. Gardening is usually divided into vegetable gardening, fruit gardening, and flower gardening.
Vegetables, in principle, mean herbaceous cultivated plants that are used as food or snacks in a fresh state. To distinguish vegetables from ordinary crops, it is important to note the following points.
First, vegetables should be supplied fresh. Among the vegetables, there are dried vegetables such as radish and strategy, but these are exceptional ones that are out of their natural use condition. Also, a bean is a common crop, but it belongs to vegetables when using immature things such as young pods.
Second, it is used as a snack or snack. When grown for snacks or humus, such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, and corn, they should be treated as vegetables, not food crops.
1. Ancient gardening
It is said that agricultural culture began in this land around 3000 BC, the Neolithic period. The crops at this time were primitive grains such as millet and blood.
Therefore, in general, it can be said that the cultivation of horticultural crops began with agricultural culture. However, during this period, it is thought that the horticultural use of wild plants was more important than the artificial cultivation of some special horticultural crops.
In the Dangun myth, you can find references to garlic and mugwort, which are thought to be wild garlic, a kind of wild allium, which is different from today's garlic.
Mugwort is a plant that grows wildly everywhere, so it would not have been necessary to grow it. It is thought that the reason why mugwort and garlic were loaded in the Dangun myth was believed to be the elixir from ancient times. Therefore, it is estimated that there were many other vegetables edible by people in this era.
Around the 1st century, agriculture adapted to the local climate conditions and differentiated, and it is said that field farming in the northern region and paddy field farming in the southern region. It is estimated that horticultural crops were cultivated to some extent since general farming was developed at this level, but no data remains to prove this.
In the Three Kingdoms period, iron basketball was generalized, and agriculture developed to the extent that there were reservoirs for irrigation.
On the other hand, the best classic about agriculture, 『Jemin Yao-sul,』 was written in the middle of the 6th century, and the northern latitude is a country founded in northern China by a group of the Xianbei who were in power in Manchuria, and its culture is in Goguryeo. It is said that it had a great influence, and in particular, it is said that the stage was the Shandong Peninsula, where there was a lot of exchange with the Korean Peninsula.
Therefore, considering the impact that 『Jeminjosul』 in the north latitude would have on our country's agriculture, it can be said that many types of crops and their cultivation methods included here have been passed down to our country.
Among the horticultural crops included in 『Jemin Magical』, vegetables include mallow, lettuce, cabbage, parsley, garlic, leek, green onion, mountain garlic, onion, melon, cucumber, Donga, eggplant, gourd, turnip, radish, taro, sprouts, yam There are back, and fruits include Tanja, jujube, peach, cherry, grape, walnut, cucumber, pear, chestnut, hazelnut, persimmon, pomegranate, quince, and apple. Among them, the fact that it was cultivated in the Three Kingdoms period is proved in the literature. Vegetables such as gourd, lettuce, eggplant, cucumber, melon, rat melon, garlic, hemp, chestnuts, pine nuts, quinces, citrus fruits, peaches, cucumbers, pears, etc. Fruit trees are mentioned.
On the other hand, in 『Jemin Yoosul』, various methods of making kimchi are explained, and in the Shosoin document, various methods of making kimchi are recorded. It is said that Japanese kimchi was passed down by the Baekje people, and according to one theory, the stone venom in Beopjusa Temple was installed in 760 (19th year of King Gyeongdeok) during the Unified Silla period and used as kimchi poison.
The reason vegetables occupy an important position as a portion of food is that they contain a lot of vitamin A and vitamin C, that they are a good source of minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, and iodine, and they are alkaline foods and contain rough things such as cellulose. It may be mentioned that it has health characteristics.
Fruit trees are trees that produce fruit that can be used for food by reproducing or processing. Therefore, the original meaning of orchard gardening refers to the intensive cultivation of trees that bear fruit used for food in the land covered with fences and fences to prevent theft and wind damage.
Looking at the nutritional value of fruit trees, except for chestnuts and walnuts, most of them are around 85% water and about 10% carbohydrates. Also, it is composed of a small amount of protein, fat and inorganic salts. Also, like a favorite food, it has a characteristic sweet taste, sour taste, and aroma.
Fruits have been mainly used for raw food since ancient times, but they are difficult to handle such as storage and transportation, and in recent years, they are used for making canned or dried fruits, fruit wine, and soft drinks.
Flower gardening refers to a cultivation technique that increases its value by intensively cultivating vegetation and trees for ornamental purposes. Flowers are plants that give us beauty and comfort, and this includes not only herbal flowers but also wooden flowers.
Also, in general, it is called an ornamental plant, and the ornamental object includes the whole plant, that is, flowers, stems, leaves, thorns, and even fruits.
Therefore, flower gardening is used not only for cultivation and ornamentals, but also for flower arrangements using produced flowers as materials, while planting flowers and flowers in gardens, flower beds, squares, parks, and green areas.
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